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Saturday, March 27, 2010

تشكيل الكلمات من قوقل

تشكيل الكلمات بالحركات , الان خدمة مجانية رائعة من قوقل تمكنك من تشكيل الكلمات بكل سهولة

من هو الذي مات ولم يولد

من الذي مات ولم يولد



إنه ابوها وسيدنا ادم عليه السلام

طريقة عمل الشاورما


طريقة عمل الشاورما بالدجاج أو باللحم بالصور بالبيت

المقادير

صدور دجاج حسب الكمية المحتاجة 
نصف كباية زيت زيتون
نصف كباية عصير ليمون او اكثر
فلفل أحمر وملح وبهارات اسود او ابيض
علبة لبن زبادي

المقادير للعجينة

ثلاثة كبايات طحين
كباية وربع ماء
ملعقة واحدة كبيرة خميرة فورية
ملعقة كبيرة سكر وشوية ملح
وأخيرا بيضة واحدة

اضغط على الصورة لتراها بالحجم الطبيعي


مقادير السلطة

بندورة مقطعة شرائح او مكعبات
خس مفروم
خيار مخلل
طحينية وشطة وماء
صلصة
اضغط على الصورة لتراها بالحجم الطبيعي


الطريقة

نضيف الزيت والليمون والبهارات والملح الى الدجاج ونتركهم يوم كامل بالثلاجة أفضل

 اضغط على الصورة لتراها بالحجم الطبيعي

وبعد يوم من نقع الدجاج في الخلطة
نقلي صدور الدجاج بالزبدة
نستمر بالقلي حتى تصبح محمرة قليلا مو لازم تنضج عالاخر

اضغط على الصورة لتظهر بالحجم الطبيعي

نقطع الدجاج شرائح مستطيلة بعد التحمير القليل

اضغط على الصورة لتظهر بالحجم الطبيعي


طريقة عمل العجينة

نخلط الطحين والملح والسكر والماء مع بعض
نتركها بعد العجن ساعة ونصف حتى تتخمر
هذه الكمية تكفي لـ 15 قطعة

اضغط على الصورة لتظهر بالحجم الطبيعي

ثم نقطع العجينة ونفردها وستكون رقيقة
الان نحتاج لصاج وما يكون مخدوش حتى ما ينحرق الخبز
ثم نخبز الخبز وبعد كل رغيق ننظف الصاج حتى ما ينحرق الخبز

اضغط على الصورة لتراها بالجحم الطبيعي

صور الخبز بعد الخبز

اضغط على الصورة لتراها بالحجم الطبيعي

الان نضع الحشوة داخل الارغفة ونلفها 

اضغط على الصورة لتظهر بالحجم الطبيعي


وهذا هو الشكل النهائي لها

اضغط على الصورة لتظهر بالحجم الطبيعي

وبالهنا والشفا

Friday, March 26, 2010

طريقة عمل البيتزا

طريقة عمل البيتزا بالصور بسهولة الان بين يديكم , طريقة عمل البيتزا بالبيت 


شرح بسيط وسهل لطريقة عمل البيتزا بالبيت

تابعوا معي الشرح



نصف كباية زيت
كباية ونص طحين أبيض
ملعقة خميرة
كباية وربع ماء
بيضة واحدة
3 ملاعق لبن بودرة
ملعقة بيكنج باودر
ذرة ملح و 1 ملعقة صغيرة سكر

اضغط على الصورة لتراها بالحجم الطبيعي

التحضير 

يتم خلط كل المقادير بخلاط بدون الطحين

وبعد الخلط يتم صب الخليط في صينية

ويكون سمك العجينة مثل سمك عجينة الكيك

اضغط على الصورة لتراها بالحجم الطبيعي

بعد هيك ضع الحشوة على وجه العجينة وهي عبارة عن بندورة وفلفل رومي وجبنة وكمون وفلفل اسود وبصل وزيتون

اضغط على الصورة لتراها بالحجم الطبيعي

والان الصور بعد ما نحط كل شي على وجه العجينة

اضغط على الصورة لتراها بالحجم الطبيعي

اضغط على الصورة لتراها بالحجم الطبيعي

والان دخلها الفرن على درجة 350 

وهي الشكل النهائي لها

اضغط على الصورة لتراها بالحجم الطبيعي


وبالهنا والشفا

خلفيات حيوانات وبحر وطبيعة رائعة جديدة

خلفيات سطح مكتب صور حيوانات وبحر وطبيعة خضراء رائعة والصور ذات جودة عالية وجديدة

عينة من الصور

الان التحميل






كلمة السر للملف المضغوط :

www.smart4pal.blogspot.com

عزيزي الزائر اترك ردا ليكتمل التحميل

خلفيات طبيعة باللون الاخضر الجذاب جديدة

خلفيات سطح مكتب جديدة من  الطبيعة ذات لون اخضر رائع وجودة عالية للتحميل الان 

عينة من الخلفيات


كلمة السر لفك الملف المضغوط :

www.smart4pal.blogspot.com

عزيزي الزائر اترك ردا ليكتمل التحميل

خلفيات سطح مكتب طبيعة وأشجار رائعة

مجموعة رائعة من خلفيات سطح المكتب بجودة عالية وهي عبارة عن صور أشجار وطبيعة رائعة جاهزة للتحميل مجانا الان

عينة من الخلفيات



كلمة السر للملف المضغوط :

www.smart4pal.blogspot.com

عزيزي الزائر اترك ردا ليكتمل التحميل

موقع فهمي شبانة

موقع المحامي فهمي شبانة

http://www.hekayaty.com

خلفيات سطح مكتب عالمية رائعة 2010


مجموعة خلفيات جديدة لعام 2010 وهي مناظر لمدن عالمية رائعة والصور ذات جودة عالية اتمنى ان تعجبكم

عينة من الصور


الان التحميل :




كلمة السر للملف المضغوط :

www.smart4pal.blogspot.com

عزيزي الزائر اترك ردا حتى يكتمل التحميل

Thursday, March 25, 2010

خلفيات سطح مكتب من انجلترا 2010

مجموعة رائعة من خلفيات سطح المكتب من مدينة انجلترا او بريطانيا انها مدينة رائعة للسياحة


عينة من الخلفيات والصور

الان تحميل الخلفيات الرائعة



كلمة السر للملف المضغوط :
www.smart4pal.blogspot.com


عزيزي الزائر : اترك ردا حتى يكتمل التحميل

خلفيات طبيعة صور بحر 2010 جديدة


خلفيات رائعة جدا صور طبيعية بجودة عالية وجديدة 2010 أقدمها لكم من خلال هذه التدوينة

إليكم عينة من الصور والخلفيات


الان التحميل 

الخلفيات مقسمة لأربع مجموعات






الملف الرابع

كلمة السر للملف المضغوط :www.smart4pal.blogspot.com


عزيزي الزائر : اترك ردا حتى يكتمل التحميل


Wednesday, March 17, 2010

Tourism in Greece

Greece mainland and the Greek islands are one of the favorite holiday destinations in Europe. In fact, Greece comes in the 15th place in the world rating of tourist destinations, since, according to the National Statistical Service of Greece, it receives more than 15 million tourists every year, after countries such as the USA, China, Spain and Great Britain.

Most tourists come to Greece from Europe, especially the EU countries, and from the USA, while fewer originate from the other continents. In 1989 and 1991, approximately 90% of the tourists to Greece were Europeans, in particular German and British citizens. Until the mid-1990s, the tourism flow in Greece would not surpass 8 or 9 million; however, 1994 was a determinant year for Greek tourism because more than 10 million people chose Greece and the wonderful Greek islands to spend their summer vacations.

Greece is a famous country, popular for its clean beaches and its long history. There are hundreds of archaeological and historical sites to visit in Greece that gloriously depict the country’s past. Its landscape is mainly mountainous and the terrain is not very fertile, except for some valleys scattered along the Greek mainland. However, Greece is surrounded by water, in particular the Aegean and the Ionian Sea. The country consists of more than 1,400 islands and islets, but only 169 of them are inhabited.
These Greek islands form, one by one, a beauty of nature. They are the most popular Greek destinations, especially in summer. Big or tiny, green or infertile, ideal for cosmopolitan or relaxing vacations, one thing is for sure: all these islands have the necessary requirements and facilities to offer you memorable vacations!

Mykonos, with its cosmopolitan character; Santorini, with the most romantic sunset in the world; Rhodes, the island of the medieval castles, the sun and the butterflies; Crete, with its revolutionary spirit; Ios, with the wild nightlife; Corfu, with its Venetian style; Ithaca, the homeland of Ulysses; Samos, the greenest of all Greek islands; Skiathos, with its long and sandy beaches; all these constitute just a few examples of the most famous Greek paradises.

The Greek tourism started flourishing in the late 1960s and particularly in the early 1970s. The first Greek hotel unit was created in 1968 in Agios Nikolaos, Lasithi, Crete and since then many accommodation options have made their appearance all along Greece. In a slow but stable pace, Greece has today managed to become one of the most favorite tourist destinations among Europeans, Asians and Americans. It is worth mentioning that, according to surveys, the Chinese and the Austrians vote for Greece as the best holiday spot ever!!

The peak season for Greek tourism lasts from May to September, since the third-quarters of the tourism flow choose this time of year to come to Greece. The sunny weather, warm beaches and variable landscapes invite people from all over the world to experience the Greek hospitality and peaceful way of life.

The income from tourism constitutes a large part of the Greek economy. Many new jobs have been created and business has been supported, through setting up numerous gift shops in each area.

A special interest is also given to promote, apart from summer holidays, winter tourist resorts, therapeutic spas, ecotourism, working holidays and discovery holidays.

Are you still hesitating? We invite you to surf our web pages to take a view of the astonishing beauty of Greece and the Greek islands. We provide you a wide range of Greece pictures and an even wider range of information for more than 60 Greek holiday destinations. However, when it comes to Greece, pictures are not enough. You should come to experience its beauty by yourself!!


General Greece Tourist Information
Concerning offices located in Greek islands, it seems that there are only few in some islands: Paros tourism, Corfu Tourism and Kefalonia tourism and in some major tourism location like Santorini, Rhodes, Skiathos... Unfortunately many islands do not have a tourism office: Mykonos tourism, Naxos tourism, Amorgos tourism, Kefalonia tourism, etc...
But there is a general Greece National Tourism Organisation

General Info about Greece
Greece is a country unique of beauty that has everything to
offer to the visitor who wants to make tourism: beautiful and variable landscapes, some of the most beautiful beaches in the
world, picturesque whitepainted or stone-built villages, passionate culture and traditions and, a heavy history, archaeology and mythology heritage.

Greece is also called Ellas or Hellada or Elliniki Dimocratia
(Hellenic Republic).

Geography
It is a peninsular and mountainous country situated in southern Europe, and it is bordered by the Aegean Sea, the Ionian Sea and the Mediterranean Sea. It has borders with Albania, Turkey, Bulgaria and the Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia and it is the only country of the EU that doesn’t have any border with the other members.

Greece has a total area of 130.800 square km and one fifth of the area is represented by the large number of islands. In fact, Greece has more than 1400 islands, but only 169 out of them are inhabited. The majority of the islands are scattered in the Aegean Sea between Greece and Turkey.

Greece has a population of 10,610,000 (2000) of which 3.7 million are concentrated in Athens, the country’s capital.

Politics
Greece is a parliamentary republic with a president at the head of the state. The actual head of government is the Prime Minister Karamanlis and the chief of state is the President Konstandinos Stephanopoulos.

Economy
Greece is one of the poorest countries of the European Union. It is an agricultural country. 22% of the workforce is employed for agriculture, 27% in the industry sector and 50 % in the services. Tourism and shipping is the biggest economical contributor of Greece.

Religion
The Greeks belongs to the Orthodox Church with a majority of 98% of the population.

Tourism in Mexico

Mexico is a land of contrasts. From the vibrant colors woven into our textiles to the stunning hues of its landscape. From mountain ranges that run right down to the ocean's edge to lush tropical jungles and high snow capped volcanoes.


The original people of México had advanced knowledge of science, mathematics, astronomy and medicine. That past still permeates this land. It can be found in the traditions that have been passed down from generation to generation. It lives on the arts and music. And in the peculiar philosophy about life and death that make the Mexican people so unique and so charming.

So whether one comes to explore the archaeological treasures, wander through the colonial cities, or simply relax on the beautiful beaches, rest assured, one will take home memories and some of the magic of México as well.

México has a wealth of natural and cultural resources due to the diverse climatic conditions and to a historic tradition of more than 3,000 years. This makes the country an ideal destination for international tourists.


The Tourism Industry in Mexico

In 1994, 7.2 million foreign tourists visited Mexico. This number increases to 17.1 million if one counts the foreign visitors that crossed the border zone. Approximately 20 million tourists visited México in 1995. Of these, 80% come from the United States.

In March, 2004, international travel to Mexico generated more than US$1 billion in revenues in the one month, according to statistics released by Mexico's Tourism Secretariat.

This US$1.05 billion figure pushed the country's first-quarter international tourism revenues to US$2.94 billion, representing a 14 percent increase over first-quarter 2003 figures, Mexico's Tourism Secretariat reported. In January 2004 the figure was US$914 million, and in February 2004 US$972 million.

Mexico's Tourism Secretariat figures revealed that more than 5.2 million international tourists visited Mexico during the first quarter of 2004, 14.6 percent more than during the same period last year.

According to Mexico's Tourism Secretariat, an additional 2.1 million tourists arrived on cruise ships during the first quarter of 2004, up 0.2 percent from the same period in 2003; they spent 127 million dollars during the period, up 5.3 percent from the first three months of 2003.

Also breaking records was the average spending of international tourists while in Mexico, which Mexico's Tourism Secretariat reported at an all-time high of US$724 in the first quarter of 2004, up from US$690 during the same period in 2003.

According to Banco de Mexico, the tourism industry's trade balance during the first three months of 2004 posted a US$1.373 billion surplus, up 18 percent from the same period in 2003.

Tourism is the third most important economic activity in Mexico, representing 8.3 percent of the nation's Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The country currently ranks 8th in the number of international visitors and 10th in international tourism revenues, according to the World Tourism Organization.


Tourism Options in Mexico

México offers a great variety of options for the international tourist. These can be grouped into five main areas: Mayan World, Beaches and Recreational Centres, Archaeology and Prehispanic cultures, Colonial Cities and Architecture and Natural Riches Eco Tourism & Adventure. These groups are not exclusive and some travel options can combine two or more themes.

A considerable number of airlines offer services to México City and Guadalajara, and national airlines join most of the cities in the interior of the country. In addition, various cruiselines visit Mexican ports.

Tuesday, March 16, 2010

Tourism in Italy

tourists_bookItaly may not take up much space geographically on the globe, but it consistently ranks among the top vacation destinations on the planet. When last I checked a couple years ago, there were just under 40 million people spending some of their hard-earned vacation money (not to mention time) in Italy. And while you might suspect that all of those 40 million people are in the country at the same time you are, as you fight the crowds at the biggest attractions in Italy, in reality there’s a steady stream of visitors all year long and throughout the country.

Because of this constant influx of tourists, tourism in Italy is one of the country’s biggest income sources. But because it’s Italy we’re talking about, things don’t always work the way you’d like them to… You might think, for instance, that the official Italian tourism website would be a wealth of information and staffed by attentive and responsive people eager to answer your every question. But you’d be wrong. Yes, there’s some good information there, but if you manage to get a reply from anyone in the tourism department you’re doing better than I am.

So, toward that end, I’m going to put some links here to articles I’ve written that assist you in planning the perfect Italian vacation. I could write about Italy travel for the rest of my life (and probably will), so this list isn’t comprehensive, but I think it’s a good place to start. If you have a question that isn’t answered by one of the articles on this list, please send me a message and let me know - it’s possible I’ve already covered the topic but forgot to link it up here, and it’s also possible your question will make a great topic for a new article!
Getting Travel Deals to Italy

Italy is definitely an expensive place to visit, so smart travelers will look for ways to save money on their trips to Italy - some of which are things you’ll do in-country, and some of which are things you’ll do before you even leave home. Here are some tips to getting a good deal on an Italy trip.



Travel Tips for Italian Cities

There is some information on this site that’s applicable to the entire country, but I’ve also written city-specific articles for many of Italy’s top destinations. From each of the destination articles linked below, you’ll be able to find many more articles about that destination either on the menu on the right-hand side or linked from within the article.



What to Do in Italy

You may not think you need help figuring out what to do in Italy, but it’s so easy to get overwhelmed by the vast number of options that it pays to do at least a little bit of strategizing before your trip. You may not want to do the same things I want to do, and that’s fine - it’s great, in fact - I’m all for tailoring a trip to your personal taste. Let these suggestions be a starting point, and make your experience your own.



Getting Around in Italy

Most of the time I recommend traveling through Italy by train, but there are all manner of transportation options for the country - and good reasons for choosing one over the other, or combining a few of them during one trip.


Eating in Italy

The food in Italy is such a big reason why many people make the trip in the first place that I wouldn’t be surprised to find out that eating out in Italy is responsible for a huge part of that tourist income the country enjoys. I’m a big fan of eating in Italy, which is why I end up writing about it so often!

Tourism in Eiffel Tower in Paris

The Eiffel Tower is a major tourist attraction in Paris France

Today, the Eiffel Tower has become a global icon of France, which is an iron tower built on the Champ de Mars beside the River Seine in Paris.

This Parisian landmark named after its engineer designer, Gustave Eiffel, is one of the most recognised structures in the world and is the tallest structure in Paris, and with 200,000,000 having visited the Eiffel Tower since its construction, this monument is the most visited paid monument per year.





Constructed between 1887 and 1889, including the 24m antenna, the Eiffel Tower is 324m high and weighs 7,300 tons, which made it the worlds tallest structure until 1930 when it was beaten by New York City's Chrysler Building.

The tower can sway 6 to 7cm in the wind and due to the thermal expansion of the metal on the side facing the sun, depending upon the ambient temperature, the top of the tower may shift away from the sun by up to 18cm.

The Eiffel Tower in Paris is re-painted every 7 years and it takes around 6 tons of paint to complete it, just to stop this monument from rusting.

There are three levels in all. At the south towers base a ticket booth sells tickets to use the stairs, which begin at that location and the first and second levels are accessible by both stairs and lifts. But the third level summit is only accessible by lift. On the first platform, the stairs continue up from the east tower.

Taking the steps is not for the feint hearted, as the actual count of stairs includes 9 steps to the ticket booth at the base of the Eiffel Tower, 328 steps to the first level, 340 steps to the second level, and 18 steps to the lift platform on the second level. And when exiting the lift at the third level, there are another 15 more steps to ascend to the upper observation platform. Whether you think this a good idea or not, the actual step count is printed periodically on the side of the stairs to give you an indication of your progress!!! But for the majority of the climb, it does allow you an unhindered view of the area directly beneath and around the tower bar a few brief times when the stairway is enclosed.

Did you know that the Eiffel Tower was to be demolished in 20 years after construction? It was due to the fact the Gustave Eiffel was only given a permit for the Eiffel Tower to stand for 20 years before it passed to the city ready for its destruction, but because it became valuable as a communications resource, it was allowed to remain in place even after the permit had expired.

The military even used it to dispatch Parisian taxis to the front line during the First World War and the Battle of the Marne, and it therefore became a victory statue of that battle.

The tower has two restaurants. The first called Altitude 95 is on the first floor and is at 95m above sea level. The second restaurant is called the Jules Verne, which is on the second floor and this is an expensive gastronomical restaurant with its own private lift.

The structure was built as the entrance arch for the Exposition Universelle, which was a World's Fair marking the centennial celebration of the French Revolution, with the Eiffel Tower being inaugurated on 31 March 1889, and opened on 6 May 1889.

There were 300 workers who joined together 18,038 pieces of puddled iron, which is a very pure form of structural iron, using two and a half million rivets.

And although the risk of accident was great because of its open frame and only the two platforms, because Gustave Eiffel took safety precautions only one man died.

But when the Eiffel Tower was built, it was met with resistance, as the public felt it was an eyesore, even though Parisians today would not wish to be without it, as it is widely considered to be a striking piece of structural art!

People were also shocked at the daring shape, questioning Gustave Eiffel wondering if he really was a good engineer, but being that he and his engineers were renowned bridge builders, he came back with comments stating that it was based on mathematical calculations utilising wind resistance.

Although most people have the idea that the Eiffel Tower can be seen from almost anywhere in Paris, this is actually not the case, due to restrictions in place that limit the height of most buildings to only a few storeys so there are only a few of the taller buildings that get a clear view of the tower.

tourism in Beirut

Beirut, with its million-plus inhabitants, conveys a sense of life and energy that is immediately apparent. This dynamism is echoed by Capital’s geographical position: a great promontory jutting into the blue sea with dramatic mountains rising behind it. A city with a venerable past, 5,000 years ago Beirut was a prosperous town on the Canaanite and Phoenician coast.

The City That Would Not Die
Beirut survived a decade and a half of conflict and so has earned the right to call itself "the City that would not die." As if to demonstrate this resiliency, the Lebanese have launched a great rush of building activity, including the public service infrastructure.

In the ruined City Center, a huge reconstruction project is underway to create a new commercial and residential district for the 21st century. Commerce is second nature to Beirutis, who long ago discovered that their port city on the East-West cross-roads was ideally placed for trading and business all kinds. A banking center with free currency ex-change, the chief employment here is in trade, banking, construction, import-export and service industries.
The Lebanese capital enjoys a vigorous press that publishes in Arabic, English, French and Armenian. Five Universities help keep ideas and innovations flowing.
The flourishing art scene, including theater, film making, music and plastic arts adds to the sense that is indeed a city on the move.
Its many advantages also make Beirut a natural venue for international, regional or local conferences and conventions. Beirut’s Port,
the largest in the eastern Mediterranean, is equipped to handle tens of freight and passenger vessels.
Further updating of its busy facilities will be made as part of Lebanon’s general reconstruction plan.
Beirut International Airport, which serves the national carrier Middle East Airlines and numerous foreign airlines, will have an annual capacity of six million passengers by the start of the 21st century.



Municipality Place


Central Beirut Under Construction


The Grand Serail



View of Bliss Street and AUB Campus Historical Heritage
Beirut stands on the site of a very ancient settlement going back at least 5,000 years. Its name appeared in cuneiform inscriptions as early as the 14th century B.C.
In the first century B.C., Berytus, as it was then called, became a Roman Colony and under Roman rule was the seat of a famous Law school which continued into the Byzantine era.
But the power and the glory of Berytus were destroyed by a triple catastrophe of earthquake, tidal wave and fire in 551 A.D. In the following century Arab Muslim forces took the city and in 1110 it fell into the Crusaders. Beirut remained in Crusader hands until 1291 when it was conquered by the Mamlukes. Ottoman rule began in 1516, continuing for 400 years later until the defeat of the Turks in World War I.
The French Mandate Period followed and in 1943 Lebanon gained its independence.

Uncovering the Past
A city continuously inhabited for millennia, until recently most of the few archaeological discoveries in Beirut were accidental. However the war's end in 1991 provided opportunity for more comprehensive and scientific investigation.
Beneath the ruined downtown area, which is under reconstruction, lie the remains of Ottoman, Mamluke, Crusader, Abbassid, Omayyad, Byzantine, Roman, Persian, Phoenician and Canaanite Beirut. With luck, a good portion of Beirut's history will be uncovered before reconstruction is complete.
Beginning in 1993, archaeologists and builders began cooperating on just such a project. Teams from Lebanese and foreign institutions have found significant remains from each of Beirut's historical periods. All discoveries are being carefully recorded and many will be preserved.


Model of the new Marina Reconstruction
The 1.8 million-square-meter reconstruction project for Beirut's Central District includes hotels, office space and residential areas. But not all the buildings will be new. Some 256 structures will
be restored by 1998, plus historic mosques
and churches. Beirut's souks or markets
will be reconstructed in the traditional
style by 1999.
Solidere, the private company taking on the challenge of this 25-years project, plans a modern infrastructure of roads utilities, public areas and marine works. More than half a million square meters of landfill will provide land for two marinas, a seaside promenade and a green park.
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S I G H T S A R O U N D B E I R U T

Roman Baths - Roman and Byzantine Structures -
Group of five columns
These columns found on the left of the
St. George Maronite Cathedral, were once part of a grand colonnade of Roman Berytus. They were found in 1963.
Roman Exedra
Discovered west of the St. George Maronite Cathedral, this semi-circular cultural building was moved in 1963 to Blvd. Charles Helou near the eastern entrance to
the modern port.
Roman baths
Behind Bank Street are the remains of the Roman bath which once served the city's population. Originally discovered in 1968-69, it underwent a thorough cleaning and further excavation in 1995 - 1997.
Four corniced columns
These columns in front of the Parliament Building in Nejmeh Square were discovered
in 1968-69.
Highly carved colonnade
Found in the 1940's between Nejmeh Square and the Great mosque, this five column colonnade is part of the Roman basilica. The columns were later erected across from the National museum on Damascus Street.
Floor Mosaics
These mosaics came from a Byzantine church of the 5th century A.D. They were moved from Khalde south of Beirut to a site near the National Museum in the 1950's.


Ottoman Clock Tower -Crusaders, Mamluke and Ottoman Structures-
Medieval wall
An excavated wall dating from Crusader and Mamluke times can be seen north of Weygand Street along the old Patriarch Howayyek street.
Crusader Castle
A large Crusader land castle once stood near the present port area. Excavations in 1995 revealed a large well-preserved section of the foundation wall complete with Roman column drums used as bond-stones or reinforcements.
The Grand Serail
Constructed in 1853, as an ottoman military
barracks, this building was the headquarters of the French governor during the French Mandate. After Lebanon's Independence, it became the Governmental Palace.
Ottoman Clock Tower
Located near the Grand Serail, this tower was built in 1897 and restored in 1994.
Ottoman Military Hospital
Just in front of the Grand Serail, this large building was constructed in 1860 as a military hospital. From the French Mandate Period until the 1960's it served as Law Courts. Completely renovated, it now houses the Council for Development and Reconstruction.
Al-Omari Mosque
Originally the Crusader Cathedral of St. John (1113 - 1115 A.D.), the building was transformed into the city's Grand Mosque by the Mamlukes in 1291.
Zawiyat Ibn al-'Arraq
Built in 1517 by Mohammed Ibn al-'Arraq ad-Dimashqi, this building was originally an Islamic law school and continued as an Islamic sanctuary into late Ottoman times.
It was rediscovered during the post-war clean-up process in 1991.
Amir 'Assaf Mosque
Also called Bab es-Saray Mosque, this was built by Emir Mansour 'Assaf (1572 - 1580) on the site of the Byzantine Church of the Holy Savior.
Located opposite the Municipal Building.
Amir munzer Mosque
The Amir Munzer Mosque was built in 1620 on an earlier structure. Also called Naoufara (Foountain) Mosque, there are eight Roman columns in its courtyard.
Majidjiyyeh Mosque
This mosque was constructed in the mid-19th century and named after the Ottoman Sultan Abdul-Majid I (1839-1861).

- Churches -
The Greek-Orthodox Cathedral of Saint George
Until the recent war in Lebanon this church, built in 1767, was the oldest functioning church in Beirut. The decorations on its walls were lost during the war.
The Greek-Catholic cathedral of Saint Elias
This mid-19th century church with it's vaulted interior was once decorated with a marble iconostasis.
The Saint Louis Church of the Capucins
Inaugurated in 1863, this church served the foreign community of the Latin rite in Beirut.
The Evangelical Church
This church was built in 1867 by a group of Evangelical Anglo-American missionaries.
The Maronite Cathedral of Saint George
Built in 1888, the style of this church is neo-classical.
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National Museum - Museums -

National Museum
Opened in 1942 to house Lebanon’s archeological treasures, the National Museum on Damascus Street is temporarily closed.
Projects are underway to restore the building and gradually bring this national institution back to its former importance.

Sursock Museum Sursock Museum
A museum of modern art located in the Sursock Quarter in Achrafieh.
In addition to its permanent collection, it presents regular exhibitions of paintings, sculpture and other art forms.

The Archeological Museum of the American university of Beirut AUB.
Open weekdays 10 AM - 4PM except
on academic holidays.

Raouché
On Beirut’s western-most tip, is a popular area with something for everyone. Its most famous landmark is Pigeon Rocks, huge formation which stands like sentinels off the coast. Numerous restaurants in Raouché serve local and foreign cuisine, while cliff-side cafés offer a good range of snacks. But walking and jogging are the favorite pastimes on this seaside promenade.
The shores near Pigeon Rocks have yielded the oldest evidence we have of human existence on the site of Beirut.
Flints and basic tools found here are displayed in the AUB Archaeological Museum.
Raouché

Things To Do
University campuses are common venue for cultural events form abroad as well as local productions. The American University of Beirut and Lebanese American University, with their lovely, park-like campuses are pleasant places to visit.
Tours
A number of tour companies provide a wide selection around Lebanon.

Food and Entertainment
Restaurants specializing in Lebanese food offer a chance to sample this well known cuisine at its most authentic.
A large selection of foreign restaurants serve cooking from around the world in surroundings as elegant or as cozy as you desire. Night life in Beirut is non-stop. Discos, dinner-dancing, bars and pubs
of every variety invite visitors to join the fun. You can sample some of the trendiest places going or opt for super-sophisticated night-clubs. The Casino du Liban, with its luxurious gaming rooms, is another favorite.

Turkish Bath
The Al-Nouzha Bath last operating public Bath located in Basta Tahta, provides a real glimpse of old Beirut. Although not traditional in style, the scrubdown you get is authentic. Sauna, steam room and massage facilities can be found as well.
Women's hours: Monday mornings; men's, all other times.

Sports
Those who appreciate the best in horse racing will enjoy Beirut's racetrack, where every Sunday pure bred Arabians run.
Beirut's Golf Club is open to foreign visitors who can use the 9-hole course, swimming pool, squash and tennis courts for a moderate fee. Along Beirut's shores are many resort complexes, beaches and swimming clubs with aquatic amusements and sports on offer. More exercise is available at health clubs in the city.
Ramlet el-Baida on the south coast of Beirut
Shopping
Name what you want and it is almost sure to be available in the shops and street markets of Beirut. Traditional crafts, high fashion, jewelry or everyday needs, all are easy to find. Most standard shopping can be done in the Mar Elias area, Hamra Street, Rashid Karamé Street (ex Verdun), Ashrafieh and Furn el-Shebback.
Bargain hunters are urged to try Bourj Hammoud and Basta-Tahta.

tourism in lebanon

Country Profile

After years of unrest, Lebanon is regaining its former reputation as «The Switzerland of the Middle East». Its mountains and its scenic beauty were almost untouched. Lebanon was visited by nearly one million visitors during 2000, 1.4 million during 2002, and the number is expected to grow a lot within the next five years.

One who visits Lebanon is fascinated by the 7,000 year old little country. The weather is always moderate, the prices are very reasonable and, most of all the people are friendly.



As a republic since 1943, it is a compact country of 10,452 square kilometers with a population of 3.57 millions (year 2000). The capital is Beirut.

GEOGRAPHY

Lebanon falls on the Eastern Mediterranean sea, between 33° 34'.40 latitude north and 35° 36'.40° longitude east. The country is located at the meeting point of three continents, and over the centuries it has been the cross roads of many civilizations whose trace may still be seen today.

In winter, the high peaks are covered with snow and in summer the limestone slopes glimmer white in the distance. Two rocky ranges traverse Lebanon parallel to the seacoast, separated by the high plateau of the Bekaa Valley. Its countryside is a place of rocks, cedar trees and magnificent ruins that look down from the mountains to the sea.



LOCAL TIME

Local time in Lebanon is GMT +02 in winter and GMT +03 in summer (April to September). Winter days are short with daylight from 6 AM until 5 PM. In summer, the days are longer, from 5 am until 8 PM.

GOVERNMENT

Lebanon is a democratic republic with a parliamentary system of government and a cabinet headed by a Prime Minister. Its constitution is based on the separation of executive, legislative and judicial powers, with a president elected every 6 years.

PASSPORT AND VISA
Passports: Passports valid for 6 months are required by all except nationals of Syria arriving from their country with a valid national ID.

Visas: Visas are required by all, except for the nationals of Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syria and the UAE for stays of up to 3 months. Nationals of the European Community, Common Wealth, American Continent, Russia and Japan can obtain their visas on arrival at Beirut International Airport or any other port of entry at the Lebanese border. Other nationals of East Europe and Asia should contact the consulate at the Lebanese Embassy for details about how to obtain their visa.

Cost: Visitor or Business visas cost 50,000 Lebanese Pounds (US $33).

Restricted Entry: The Government of Lebanon refuses entry to holders of Israeli passports, holders of passports containing a visa for Israel, valid or expired, used or unused and passports with entry stamps to Israel.

CLIMATE


Lebanon enjoys an essential Mediterranean climate with mild, rainy winters and longer warm summers. The country is rain free between June and October. Visitors can count on 300 sunny days every year. However, mountains are cold and snowy in winter. Average annual rainfall is about 1,000 mm in Beirut (40 inches), but much higher in the mountains.
Warm clothes are essential in the winter. Lowest temperature may be as low as -4?C in the mountains, and 10?C on the coast.

TRANSPORTATION

Car rental companies provide self driven cars with or without a driver. Lebanese taxis are reasonably priced (Between 1000 and 2000 liras).



Bus service is also available to various destinations. However, don’t count on them if you have an appointment. They are not reliable. You can never know when you will get there !

Driving is the most convenient way to get around in the country. The road network is undergoing a massive reconstruction after the war. In and around Beirut, traffic jams are now a way of life. Beware of traffic lights that are rare and signs that are not always respected. Today Lebanon is saturated with cars (1.3 million), which means there is one car for every 3 persons ! However, driving , driving in the mountains is definitely fun and relaxing: fresh air and wonderful scenery.

CURRENCY AND BANKING

Movement of currency and all exchange transactions are completely free of any kind of control. Foreign currency can be exchanged at any bank or at one of the numerous money exchange shops.

The monetary unit is the Lebanese Lira (LL) or Lebanese Pound. One US Dollar is almost equal to LL 1505, depending on the exchange rate.
During the war and until recently, the whole economy was «dolarised». Still, most Lebanese calculate their transactions in US Dollars. Amazingly, the cellular phone system, privately owned, but somehow controlled by the government uses cents and dollars to charge their customers. All ski resorts accept US Dollars.

CREDIT CARDS

Visitors may use credit cards in major establishments, such as Master Card, America Express, Diners Club and Visa.

WORKING HOURS

• Government offices: 8 AM - 2 PM
• Banks, shops and other business: 8 AM - 5 PM

ELECTRIC CURRENT

The electrical current is 220 Volts, but some areas are still on the 110 Volts level. Unification is on the way. It is best to check.



COMMUNICATIONS

Land lines: International call facilities are provided by Lebanon’s own satellite stations. The country code is 961 and the outgoing international dialing code is 00.

Cellular phones are widely available and the cellular GSM 900 network is operated by both LibanCell and Cellis. Visitors may buy a "limited time" GSM card for their cellular phone at about LL 100,000 for the first month.
Internet connection is mainly provided by 3 ISPs: Cyberia, IDM and TerraNet. There are cybercafés in major towns of Lebanon.

Fax: International facilities are available. Faxes can be sent from most hotels.

Post: With the newly privatized LibanPost, post to Europe usually takes 2-4 days and to the USA between 4-7 days. Post offices are open Mon-Thurs 0800-1400 and Fri 0800-1100.

Press: There are more than 30 daily newspapers published in Arabic, Armenian and French and over 100 publications appear on a weekly or monthly basis. The Daily Star and Beirut Times are published in English and there are several English-language weeklies, primarily Monday Morning. The best-selling Arabic dailies are Al Anwar, Al Nahar, Al Liwaa, Al Safir and Al Dyar. The most important dailies in French are L'Orient-Le Jour and Le Soir. A wide choice of international newspapers and magazines are also available at bookshops.

RELIGION

Christianity and Islam are the main religions. Christian denominations, mainly Greek Orthodox, Maronite, Armenian and Protestant account for approximately 40 per cent. Islam (predominantly Shi'ite) accounts for another 40 per cent of the population's beliefs. Other religions account for the remaining 20 per cent.

HOLIDAYS

Lebanon is the only country in the middle east following the western Sunday weekend style. The country celebrates both Christian and Moslim holidays.

LANGUAGE

Arabic and French are the official languages of Lebanon and commonly spoken. English is very widely spoken. You can also hear Armenian on the streets and public places; and we Lebanese are well known for our talent to mix all of the first three languages in only one sentence!

Monday, March 15, 2010

Tourism in Australia

Discover Australia’s destinations, starting with icons such as the Red Centre, Kakadu National Park and the Great Barrier Reef. These 16 natural treasures cover a breathtaking diversity of landscapes, from the mountainous Australian Alps to Fraser Island’s sand dunes, rainforest and lakes. Just as distinct are Australia’s cities, where our laidback lifestyle and cosmopolitan culture meet. From beach-fringed Sydney to elegant Adelaide, you’ll find a melting pot of cultures and a medley of theatre, restaurants, nightlife and events. Come, stay and celebrate, then spring into the rest of your Australian holiday. Australia has so much for you to explore, whether you want nature, wildlife, outback adventure, islands, rainforest or reef. Australia’s unique beauty is spread across eight states and territories, so find out more about the distinct attractions within each.




Australia’s Icons

Learn more about Australia’s 16 icons – unforgettable landscapes such as the Red Centre, Kakadu National Park and the Great Barrier Reef. Find out more about what to see and do in each of these uniquely Australian places, from walks through Tasmania’s wilderness to wildlife spotting on Kangaroo Island.



Australia’s Cities

Discover Australia’s cities, from Sydney’s famous harbour to Melbourne’s cutting-edge cultural precincts and Darwin’s laid back ambience. Visit Canberra’s national attractions, lie on Perth’s white beaches or wander Adelaide’s expansive parklands. In all our cities, the skyscrapers and shopping strips are just a short drive from mountains, ocean, river and bush.



Australia’s states and territories

Explore Australia’s eight states and territories, from Tasmania’s World Heritage-listed rainforests to Western Australia’s beaches, forests and national parks. Immerse yourself in Aboriginal history in the Northern Territory or dive into Queensland’s Great Barrier Reef. Australia’s natural beauty knows no bounds, but you’ll find something different within each of our boundaries.

Tourism in England

Tourism is one of the largest industries in the UK — worth approximately $127.9 billion. It employs more than 1.5 million people (7 percent of all employment) in hotels, restaurants, pubs, travel agencies, museums etc.

Mass tourism in England began in the second half of the nineteenth century, during the Victorian period. Seaside holidays were particularly popular.

Buckingham PalaceAbout twenty-five million people now visit England every year. They come from all over the world. Nearly all of them start in London, and some never go out of that great city.

People visit England for many reasons. Some return to discover their family roots having originated from here. Others come to see the wide variety of historical buildings or to sample the heritage and traditions that we have so much of.

CountrysideEngland has much to offer,wonderful and very different countryside from region to region and also a wide variety of culture.It is also often used as a stepping stone to the rest of Europe as we are so close and travel is easy.


There are the beautiful university cities of Oxford and Cambridge, the wonderful Dorset coast, and the Lake District, Stonehenge and Windsor Castle.

Tourism Tutorial

Along with fighting aliens and gathering resources, some missions involve building a tourist facility. In the 22nd century, tourists will pay big bucks to experience life in a working space colony. Catering to their needs can earn you a tidy profit.

In order to build a thriving space hotel, start with a tourist port and at least one hotel. When you place these buildings, tourists will begin arriving. Each tourist pays 1000 credits as they check in. Tourists arrive and depart at 4-day intervals. How many arrive each time depends on the number of rooms available and the facility's tourism rating.

Tourism ReportTo improve your tourism rating and monitor mission goals, check the Tourism Report in the Bridge Screen frequently.

At the top of the report is your base's current tourism rating, from 0 to 10 stars. Below right are numbers indicating total tourists so far, current tourists and available rooms. On the left is a breakdown of the star ratings in 4 sub-categories: Entertainment, Health & Hygiene, Food & Drink, and Safety.

Available Rooms - As you'd guess, single-, double- and triple-room hotels have one, two and three rooms. Place more or larger hotels for more rooms. Each room can hold a single tourist, couple or family. Better hotels attract more families, so more tourists overall.

The overall tourism rating is an average of these four sub-categories. So you'll need 10 stars in all four categories for a 10-star overall rating.

Entertainment - This includes objects under the Recreation Button, but also those under the Tourism Button, such as the garden dome, viewing platform, zoo and art exhibits, etc. The tourism objects will give a greater boost to your rating than the regular objects, but it's important to have a variety of activities for your tourists. A golf course can also add stars here. (The previous link has details on building one.)

Heath & Hygiene - This is based on the number of medi bays and hygiene pods in the base, as well as base litter levels, which you can monitor on the Bridge Screen. Be sure to assign several operatives (or androids) to cleaning duty. As more tourists arrive, they drop litter throughout the base, so you'll have to keep after them.

Food & Drink - This rating is fairly straightforward. You'll need a variety of food & drink objects (i.e., mess halls, restaurants, bars and luxury bars) to score maximum stars. Be sure to keep them stocked with base nutrients and processed space chicken.

Safety - To maintain a good rating here, you must keep your tourists away from harm. This includes placing automatic lasers or other military systems to protect from alien invaders, weeding posts to get rid of dangerous plants, and space defense shields to deflect meteor and volcanic showers. The safety rating also drops if tourist structures are damaged, not just the tourists themselves.

tourists enjoy the garden domeGeneral notes - Keeping base facilities maintained is also critical to a good rating. If objects break, assign someone to a maintenance post to get things fixed a.s.a.p.

Add extra power generating facilities and oxygen plants as more tourists visit.

It's also a good idea to keep your operatives happy and productive so they don't mix it up with the tourists. Stig and Nailer have both been known to punch tourists who got in their way. Imagine what that could do to your safety rating.

In order to achieve maximum ratings, you'll need to take all these factors into account. The walkthroughs also give specific tips for each of the tourism missions in the game.

Tourism in Spain

Spain travel guide :

Spain is a beautiful and diverse country located in the southwest of Europe. It shares the Iberian Peninsula with Portugal, Gibraltar and Andorra. To the Northeast it borders with France and the tiny principality of Andorra. To the West its limits are defined by the Balearic Islands located in the centre of the Mediterranean Sea. Its Southern most territories are the picturesque Canary Islands, in the Atlantic Ocean and the cities of Ceuta and Melilla located in the North of Africa. This is why travelling to Spain is likely to be a enriching experience since tourism in the country offers a wide variety of destinations, activities and landscapes.

Spain is a country of large geographical and cultural diversity, often a surprise for tourists who are expecting to find a country mostly known for beach tourism. Travel to Spain and you will find everything, from lush meadows, green valleys, hills and snowy mountains in the Northern regions to almost desert zones in the South. Its beaches are also famous and worth visiting, small and charming creeks in the North and wide white sand beaches on the South and Western parts of the country, without forgetting the exotic black sand beaches of the volcanic Canary Islands.

Every year millions of tourists decide to travel to Spain, the country has been one of the most important tourist destinations of the last decades becoming the third most popular travel destination in Europe.

One of the better known cities is Madrid, capital city of Spain. Due to its central location, in the heart of Spain it has excellent communications with the rest of the provinces and is seat to the Spanish government and to the Royal Palace where the kings of Spain usually dwell. The city features distinctly winding streets, all of which seem to be heading either up or down and gather in the central square in the centre of the city.

Barcelona is probably one of the favourite destinations for tourists, a worldwide known city whose name recalls the awesome art of the architect Gaudi, the celebration of the 1992 Olympic games, and the cosmopolitan atmosphere of its streets. Tourism in the city offers also the possibility of enjoying its beaches and water sports.


Where to go in Spain :


In this section we recommend you some places worth visiting. If you are planning your trip to Spain and you haven’t decided yet where to go, you may find good ideas for your destination in this section. Here is our selection of best sites in Spain:

Main cities:
The larger Spanish cities are Madrid, capital city of the country, and Barcelona, in Catalonia.

Madrid is the capital of Spain, seat to the administration and government of the country. If you like art, don’t miss its famous museums: Museo del Prado and Reina Sofia. Other “must see” places are the Palacio Real and the city square. Walking on the streets of the city you’ll find that its architecture, entertainment and liveliness make of Madrid a unique city.

Barcelona is a special city, perhaps thanks to the contribution of Gaudi's architecture or the special character of Catalonian people; undoubtedly Barcelona is one of the best places to visit in Spain. In the city don’t miss to visit La Rambla street, the Sagrada Familia cathedral, the Guell park and beaches such as Barceloneta.

Andalusia is the Southern most region of Spain, famous by its Moorish remainders, the religious fervour of its people, its beautiful beaches, picturesque villages, and of course for being the cradle of Flamenco music and dances. Where to go in Andalusia? Well, we would choose to see Seville, Córdoba and Granada.

Seville is probably the most popular city in Andalusia. Its splendid architecture and famous festivities (especially the Eastern parades and April fair) attract many tourists. Visit its beautiful Cathedral, with the tomb of Christopher Columbus and the Giralda tower. Across the cathedral square, you’ll find the Alcazar, an awesome medieval Islamic palace. Last but not least, take a look at the astonishing Plaza de España where all the provinces of Spain are represented.

Granada will be another city worth visiting if you travel to Andalusia. In Granada, you cannot miss a visit to the Alhambra Palace set at the foothill of Sierra Nevada Mountains. Besides sightseeing in the city, you will be able to practice skiing in the famous sky resort of Sierra Nevada.

Cordoba is considered by many one of the most beautiful cities of the South of Spain, its famous Mezquita (mosque) is one of the greatest treasures of the Moorish-Andalusian art with its extraordinary red and white arches.

The Costa del Sol beaches have been for years the favourite destination of travellers seeking to spend their holiday sunbathing and enjoining good weather.

The centre of the country displays a completely different Spain, more traditional and quiet, a landscape of endlessly wide plains, austere cities, fortresses, Roman churches and the famous Windmills of the story of don Quijote, this is Castile. Cities worth visiting are: Avila, Cuenca, Toledo, Salamanca, and Segovia, most of these cities have been declared by UNESCO World Heritage Sites.

Eastern Spain recalls of Mediterranean culture, fruits and of course excellent beaches and tourist resorts.

Valencia is the capital city of the Costa Blanca, another of the remarkable Spanish beach resorts. Don’t miss a visit to its City of Arts and Sciences with amazing eye-shaped buildings.

The North of Spain keeps the legacy of the Celts who settled in Asturias and Galicia. The Northern cities are famous by its gastronomy (seafood, fish and “tapas” are excellent) and its green valleys. If you don’t know where to go when visiting the North of Spain, don’t miss Bilbao and its Guggenheim Museum, Santiago de Compostela (Saint James) and its famous cathedral where thousands of Pilgrims arrive every year. San Sebastian, Gijón or La Coruña are other cities worth paying a visit to.

Besides the inland Spain, there are also famous Spanish islands, like the Balearic Isles, and The Canary Isles.
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